Biography

Muller Family

The Muller family lived at 3 rue de l'Avenir in the 20th arrondissement. Manek and Rachel emigrated from Poland in the 1930s and set up shop as home-based dressmakers. During the war, their four children - Henri, Jean, Annette and Michel - attended school on rue Olivier-Metra.

On July 16, 1942, French police officers came to arrest Rachel and the children. Manek, warned of an imminent round-up and convinced that it would only concern men, hid the day before with a neighbor. The two eldest sons, Henri and Jean, managed to escape and were reunited with their father. Annette, Michel and their mother were taken to the Vélodrome d'Hiver where they stayed for several days before being taken to the Pithiviers camp. On August 7, 1942, Rachel was deported from Pithiviers on convoy #16 and arrived at Auschwitz on August 9. Only Manek and the children survived.

In 1991, Annette published La Petite Fille du Vel d'Hiv, which she dedicated to her mother, Rachel. In his preface, Serge Klarsfeld says that "Annette has become the family memorialist. Annette's account is movingly intense, so much so that her love for her mother dominated her life as a child; a cheerful, beautiful, intelligent, hard-working, flirtatious and sociable mother." On the day of the roundup, the mother begs: "Don't take the children".

Annette died on August 9, 2021. 79 years to the day after her mother disappeared in Auschwitz.

Testimony from Annette Bessmann née Muller

Annette Muller was arrested during the July 16, 1942 round-up. She experienced the horror of the Vel' d'Hiv', was torn away from her mother who was forced onto a train bound for Auschwitz, and lived through the hell of Drancy. Post-war France did not want to talk about this horror. Shocked by the silence surrounding what is now called the Vel' d'Hiv' roundup and especially the amnesia that covered the fate of Jewish children in France during the Second World War, Annette decided to write the story of her childhood in 1976. She sent her text to numerous publishing houses. In vain. It was not until 1983 that Serge Klarsfeld published fragments of it in his book Vichy-Auschwitz. The Barbie trial and the film Au revoir les enfants by Louis Malle in 1987 opened the eyes of the public. Annette's testimony finally found an audience. In 1991, the first edition of La petite fille du Vel' d'Hiv' was published by Denoël. The book tells the story of her family from 1929 to the autumn of 1942 when she was released from Drancy. In 2009, she published the completed version with a recounting going all the way to 1947 and followed by the testimony of her father Manek. Although they have been essential reference texts for researchers, writers, and filmmakers, none of Annette's works has ever been translated into English. The following work is a humble contribution to filling this gap. We hope that reading it will inspire a professional translator to do an official translation of La petite fille du Vel' d'Hiv'.

In 1995, Annette and her three brothers, Henri, Jean and Michel, provided testimonials to the USC Shoah Foundation. The text below is a translation of Annette's testimony, interspersed with excerpts from her brothers'. This four-voice account attempts to reconstruct, as closely as possible, the childhood of these survivors as they depicted it 50 years after the events. It also tries to reproduce the indefectible complicity that bonded "this clan" until the end. Unfortunately, it does not answer all the questions that readers may have. Only La petite fille du Vel' d'Hiv' provides all the keys.

The Muller Family's Timeline


Muller Family Map

Click on the points on the map to follow the Muller family's story within the Parisian landscape.





Blog Post by Mélanie

In an eagerness to preserve every detail of my story with the Mullers and to keep the thread of what we were trying to weave, I regularly wrote down in a notebook - curiously of the Mnemosyne brand - impressions, descriptions of what happened during the day.

These notes, shared here in the form of a blog, provide new reading keys and information about what went on behind the scenes of my touching and mischievous adventure with Henri. We discover an old child who is both facetious and the bearer of the family memory. A heavy responsibility but one that he honors with elegance, generosity and humor. Elegant, generous and full of humor: this is exactly the portrait that Annette, Henri, Jean and Michel all made of their mother Rachel.


June 2021- Walking with Henri


On June 21, 2021, Henri went back on the trail of the young boy he was on July 16, 1942. In this film, he invites us to discover the history of the Vel d'Hiv roundup through the steps his family took that morning. Starting from the top of the stairs at 3 rue de l'Avenir, he walks to the Bellevilloise before fleeing to the Place du Guignier.


Readings

Full transcription of the testimonies by Annette, Henri, Jean and Michel Muller read here.

Sciences-Po, "Chronology of repression and persecution in Occupied France, 1940-1944", read here.

Sciences-Po, "The Vélodrome d'Hiver Round-up, 16-17 Juillet 1942", read here.

Sciences-Po, "The Drancy camp", read here.

Sciences-Po, "Aloïs Brunner", read here.

Yad Vashem, "Vél' d'Hiv Round-up", read here.

Transcription of selected extracts from George Wellers's testimony at the Eichmann Trial (9 May 1961), read here.

Report after the inspection of the Pithiviers camp by the regional Prefect (Nov. 1941 and Jan. 1943), read here in French.

Report after the inspection of the Beaune-la-Rolande camp by the regional Prefect (Nov. 1941), read here in French.

Report after the inspection of the Drancy camp by the regional Prefect (1943), read here in French.

Archives du Loiret, "Les camps du Loiret", read here in French.

Green Ticket Round-up photographs,See here.


Videos

"A journey like no other" by Samuel Muller, featuring his father Michel (in French): watch here

Micheline Cahen, Red Cross social worker in Beaune-la-Rolande, describes the conditions in the camp: watch here in French.

Micheline Cahen recalls the deportations and the closing of the camp: watch and read translation here.

Marcelle Duval, volunteer for the Red Cross, recalls what she saw in the Vélodrome d'Hiver after the July 16, 1942 roundup: watch here.

Transcript in English of Marcelle Duval's testimony: read here.

Annette Monod, Red Cross social worker, describes the conditions in the camps of Pithiviers, Beaune-la-Rolande and Drancy: watch and read here.

George Wellers at the Eichmann trial: Arrival of the Vel d'Hiv children at the Drancy camp: watch here.

USHMM - Film on the Lamarck Asylum (1938): watch here.

Film shot clandestinely in the Beaune-la-Rolande camp (1938): watch here.

From Akadem, a video on the looting of Jewish apartments in Paris (in French): watch here.

Demolition of the Vélodrome d'Hiver: watch here.


Additional Links

Visual History Archive Online

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) Collections

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) Holocaust Encyclopedia

Yad Vashem - The World Holocaust Remembrance Center